Horticultural Science, 2022 (vol. 49), issue 2

Mitigating grapevine winter damage in cold climate areasReview

Alireza Rahemi, Helen Fisher, Kathryn Carter, Toktam Taghavi

Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2022, 49(2):59-70 | DOI: 10.17221/176/2020-HORTSCI  

Growing grapes in cool climate areas is the same front type challenging due to the high risk of winter injury. Passive and active methods can be used to reduce or prevent cold damage and protect the vineyards. Passive protection methods are generally cultural practices and performed before cold damage events, such as cultivar and rootstock selection. The proper scion-rootstock combination would ideally help the vines acclimate earlier in the fall, allowing them to withstand colder weather in the fall and winter and de-acclimate later in the spring to minimise the late spring frost damage. The introduction of new North American hybrid cultivars accompanied...

Identification of chemical components in Dianthus determined by widely targeted metabolomicsOriginal Paper

Xuhong Zhou, Xiaomi Yang, Ruifen Sun, Junliang Wang, Yu Mao, Guanhua Cao, Miaomiao Wang

Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2022, 49(2):71-77 | DOI: 10.17221/27/2021-HORTSCI  

The chemical composition of the secondary metabolites is of great significance to the quality control of agricultural products. The genus Dianthus is famous for its beautiful flowers in the cut flower trade and also used in the traditional Chinese medicinal system and food market. However, the chemical composition in Dianthus is still unknown. The current study examined the levels of different metabolites of the flowers in Dianthus caryophyllus, Dianthus chinensis and Dianthus superbus via the use of the widely targeted metabolomic strategy. We obtained the structure and content of 423 metabolites in Dianthus, which...

The effect of rootstocks on the growth, yield and fruit quality of hybrid grape varieties in cold climate conditionOriginal Paper

Barbara Kowalczyk, Monika Bieniasz, Jan Błaszczyk, Przemysław Banach

Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2022, 49(2):78-88 | DOI: 10.17221/58/2021-HORTSCI  

Viniculture in colder countries requires the use of rootstocks adapted to the climatic and soil conditions, which influence the essential characteristics of the vine yield in terms of the physiological and morphological features. The current study was carried out in 2015-2018 in southern Poland to examine the impact of the '5BB', '125AA', '101-14M', 'SO4' and 'Börner' rootstocks on the growth, yield and fruit quality of three grape varieties: 'Seyval Blanc', 'Johanniter' and 'Solaris'. The following biometric parameters were compared: the increment in the trunk cross-sectional area, number of inflorescences on the vine, total yield, mean weight of...

Research on spring frost damage in cherriesOriginal Paper

Hüsnü Demirsoy, Leyla Demirsoy, Gregory A. Lang

Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2022, 49(2):89-94 | DOI: 10.17221/91/2021-HORTSCI  

A frost occurred in spring following high temperatures in Michigan in 2007. It caused important crop losses. In this study, the damage the frost had on the flower buds of some cherry cultivars on 'Gisela 5' at the Southwest Michigan Research and Extension Center (SWMREC) and different cherry scion/rootstock combinations at the Clarksville Horticultural Experiment Station (CHES) were determined. In cherries, the frost damage at SWMREC varied from 26.7% to 99.3% depending on the cherry cultivar while it varied from 41.9 to 99.3% at CHES depending on the cherry combinations. 'Rainier/Gisela 6' at CHES and 'NY119' at SWMREC were promising. The bud development...

Romanian wild cherry genotypes (Prunus avium var. sylvestris Ser.) suitable for processingOriginal Paper

Margareta Corneanu, Elena Iurea, Sorina Sîrbu

Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2022, 49(2):95-101 | DOI: 10.17221/73/2021-HORTSCI  

This paper presents the important features of indigenous wild cherry genotypes suitable for processing. The research took place between 2017-2020, having ten Romanian wild cherry genotypes as study material. The harvesting maturity was recorded in the first decade of June for the early cultivar (G10) and decades two and three of June for the other studied genotypes, all of them with a middle season maturation. The number of days between the end of the flowering and the maturation was between 54 days (G10) and 66 days (G9). The average weight of the fruit and the equatorial diameter varied between 2.1 g and 13.80 mm for G4, respectively, and 5.5 g and...

Analysis of walnut fruit quality based on source-sink relationshipsOriginal Paper

Shiwei Wang, Cuifang Zhang, Cunde Pan, Shanchao Zhao

Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2022, 49(2):102-108 | DOI: 10.17221/93/2021-HORTSCI  

In the paper, we investigate the relationship between the walnut fruit quality and the leaf-to-fruit ratio (LFR). The LFR had a significant effect on the physical quality of walnuts (P < 0.05), and the fruit volume, fruit fresh weight, fruit dry weight, nut dry weight and kernel dry weight increased with an increasing LFR. However, the LFR had no significant effect on the crude protein and crude fat kernel contents (P > 0.05). The number of cells per unit area and the cross-sectional area of the green husk cells with 5L:1F were significantly higher than those with 1L:3F and 2L:3F (P < 0.05). The number of cells per unit area of the kernel...

The combination of plant growth regulators (GA3 and Gracilaria sp. extract) and several fertilisers in Salak Pondoh fruit productionOriginal Paper

Erma Prihastanti, Sri Haryanti

Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2022, 49(2):109-116 | DOI: 10.17221/102/2021-HORTSCI  

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) and proper fertilisers are used to increase quality of the Salak Pondoh, such as in the plant production, fruit number and size. This study aims to determine the type and dosage of PGRs and the best type of fertiliser to increase the production bunch and fruit of Salak Pondoh. The method used was a Factorial Completely Randomised Design (FCRD) with 36 treatments (excluding the control) and 3 replications. Three treatments were conducted: first, as a control, no PGR treatment + fertilisation (no fertilisation, manure, and NPK). Second, a 3 × 3 factorial scheme. Treatment of PGR GA3 (50, 100, 150 ppm) + fertilisation (no...

The effect of defoliation on the 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine biosynthesis in wine grapesShort Communication

Yujuan Lei, Zhansheng Ma, Pengbao Shi, Yuxia Sun, Ping Wang, Xueqiang Guan

Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2022, 49(2):117-120 | DOI: 10.17221/70/2020-HORTSCI  

Field studies were conducted on Vitis vinifera cv. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' to evaluate the effects of the defoliation time (pre- and post-flowering and veraison) and severity on the 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) concentration and expression levels of the key related genes in grape berries. The IBMP concentration in the grapes decreased significantly at harvest after all the defoliation treatments. The earlier and heavier the defoliation treatment, the lower the IBMP concentration. The relative expression level of VvOMT3 in the berry skin was closely positively correlated with the IBMP accumulation in all the treatments. Early defoliation...