Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2022, 49(2):102-108 | DOI: 10.17221/93/2021-HORTSCI

Analysis of walnut fruit quality based on source-sink relationshipsOriginal Paper

Shiwei Wang, Cuifang Zhang*, Cunde Pan, Shanchao Zhao
Education Department of Xinjiang, Collage of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Industry Technology in Arid Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China

In the paper, we investigate the relationship between the walnut fruit quality and the leaf-to-fruit ratio (LFR). The LFR had a significant effect on the physical quality of walnuts (P < 0.05), and the fruit volume, fruit fresh weight, fruit dry weight, nut dry weight and kernel dry weight increased with an increasing LFR. However, the LFR had no significant effect on the crude protein and crude fat kernel contents (P > 0.05). The number of cells per unit area and the cross-sectional area of the green husk cells with 5L:1F were significantly higher than those with 1L:3F and 2L:3F (P < 0.05). The number of cells per unit area of the kernel with 1L:3F and 2L:3F was significantly higher than that with the other LFRs (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the NDW between the natural and girdled fruit-bearing shoots with 2L:1F (P > 0.05). We concluded that the high carbohydrate availability with the high LFR augmented the fruit size by increasing the number of cells in the green husk and kernels. There was no change in the crude protein and crude fat contents in the kernels, possibly due to the proportion of the sugar to the fat distribution not affected by the LFR. Two leaves with good light were necessary to ensure the normal growth and development of one walnut fruit on girdled fruit-bearing shoots.

Keywords: Juglans regia; leaf-to-fruit ratio; nut; crude fat; physical quality

Published: June 29, 2022  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Wang S, Zhang C, Pan C, Zhao S. Analysis of walnut fruit quality based on source-sink relationships. Hort. Sci. (Prague). 2022;49(2):102-108. doi: 10.17221/93/2021-HORTSCI.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Almanza-Merchán P.J., Fischer G., Serrano-Cely P.A., BalagueraLópez H.E., Galvis J.A. (2011): The effects of leaf removal and cluster thinning on yield and quality of grapes (Vitis vinifera L., Riesling × Silvaner) in Corrales, Boyacá (Colombia). Agronomía Colombiana, 29: 35-42.
    2. Baïram E., leMorvan C., Delaire M., Buck-Sorlin G. (2019): Fruit and leaf response to different source-sink ratios in apple, at the scale of the fruit-bearing branch. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10: 1039. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Choi S.T., Park D.S., Hong K.P. (2011): Status of nitrogenous and carbohydrate compounds as affected by nitrogen fertigation rates in young persimmon trees. Scientia Horticulturae, 130: 354-356. Go to original source...
    4. Du B., Li G.L., Zhou W.J., Liu B., Huang Y. (2011): Influence of different leaves/fruit ratio on fruit quality and nutrient content of Kiett mango. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 24: 29-31.
    5. Famiani F., Antognozzi E., Boco M., Tombesi A., Battistelli A., Moscatello S., Spaccino L. (1997): Effects of altered sourcesink relationship on fruit development and quality in Actinidia deliciosa. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS), 76: 355-360. Go to original source...
    6. Fang J.B., Zheng F., Chen J.Y. (2001): Effects of source-sink relationship on the photosynthetic intensity of kiwifruit leaves. In: Proceedings of the 9th Annual Aeminar Chinese Horticultural ociety. Beijing: China Press of Science and Technology: 75-80.
    7. Fischer G., Almanza-Merchán P.J., Ramírez F. (2012): Sourcesink relationships in fruit species. A review. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 6: 238-253. Go to original source...
    8. Hernandez-Santana V., Pérez-Arcoiza A., Gomez-Jimenez M.C., Diaz-Espejo A. (2021): Disentangling the link between leaf photosynthesis and turgor on fruit growth. The Plant Journal, 107: 1788-1801. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Heuvelink E. (2015): Dry matter partitioning in tomato: validation of a dynamic simulation model. Annals of Botany, 77: 71-80. Go to original source...
    10. Higashi K., Hosoya K., Ezura H. (1999): Histological analysis of fruit development between two melons (Cucumis melo L. reticulatus). Journal of Experimental Botany, 50: 1593-1597. Go to original source...
    11. Kubo T., Hohjoy I., Hirat S. (2001): Sucrose accumulation and its related enzyme activities in the juice sacs of Satsuma mandarin fruit from trees with different crop loads. Scientia Horticulturae, 91: 215-225. Go to original source...
    12. Léchaudel M., Jannoyer M., Génardy M. (2004): Effects of the leaf: fruit ratio on growth and partitioning of water and dry matter in mango fruit. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS), 645: 429-433. Go to original source...
    13. Marquard R.D. (1987): Influence of leaf to fruit ratio on nut quality, shoot carbohydrates, and photosynthesis of pecan. HortScience, 22: 256-257. Go to original source...
    14. Nasrallah M.E. (1989): The genetics of self-incompatibility reactions in Brassica and effects of suprressor genes. In: Lord E., Bernier G. (eds): Plant Reproduction: From Floral Induction to Pollination. Rockville, American Society of Plant Pyhsiologists Symposioum Series: 146-155.
    15. Peng L.L., Jiang W.B., Han J. (2012): Effects of source-sink relationship change on yield and quality in fruit tree. Nonwood Forest Research, 30: 134-140.
    16. Sala R.G., Andrade F.H., Westgate M.E. (2007): Maize kernel moisture at physiological maturity as affected by the source-sink relationship during grain filling. Crop Science, 47: 711-716. Go to original source...
    17. Smith M.R., Rao I.M., Merchant A. (2018): Source-sink relationships in crop plants and their influence on yield development and nutritional quality. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9: 1889. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Walker A.J., Ho L.C. (1997): Carbon translocation in the tomato: carbon import and fruit growth. Annals of Botany, 41: 813-823. Go to original source...
    19. Willey R.L. (1971): Microtechnique: A laboratory guide. Memillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York, Memillan Publishing Co., Inc.: 99.
    20. Xu M. (2015): Effects of different leaf-fruit ratio on fruit quality and leaf characteristics in 'Xueqing'pear. [MS thesis], Hebei Agricultural University, China, 37-38.
    21. Yuan J., Shi B., Wu Z.L., Tan X.F. (2015): Response of fruit quality and leaf photosynthesis to different sink-source relationships in Camellia oleifera. Plant Physiology Journal, 51: 1287-1292.
    22. Zamski E., Schaffer A.A. (1996): Photoassimilate Distribution in Plants and Crops: Source-Sink Relation-ships. New York, Marcel Dekker Inc: 851-881.
    23. Zhang Y.J., Zhang G.T., Wang W.P., Zhu S.S., Zhu Y.Y., He X.H. (2016): Effect of different leaf number and different time to remove leaves on berry quality of Chardonnay at high altitude grapevine in Shangri-La. Northern Horticulture, 22: 30-35.

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content