Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2023, 50(4):262-274 | DOI: 10.17221/127/2022-HORTSCI

Influence of pre-harvest calcium spray on fruit quality of apple cultivars during cold storageOriginal Paper

Boris Rilak1*, Ivan Glišić2, Milan Lukić3, Tomo Milošević2, Jelena Tomić1, Mira Milinković4
1 Fruit Research Institute, Čačak, Republic of Serbia
2 University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Čačak, Republic of Serbia
3 Institute for the Study of Herbal Medicine "Dr Josif Pančić", Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
4 Land Institute, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

Effect of pre-harvest calcium chloride (CaCl2) treatment on fruit quality attributes of three apple cultivars (‘Golden Delicious Reinders®’, ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Red Chief’) at harvest and after two and four months of cold storage during two consecutive years was studied. Trees were sprayed four times starting from the beginning of June at 20-day intervals. After harvest, fruits were stored in a regular atmosphere (RA) for further analysis. Measurements included fruit weight, weight loss, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity (TA), total sugars (TS), TS/TA, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA). CaCl2 had a positive impact on fruit firmness of all cultivars in both years. Higher values of TSS and TS of ‘Golden Delicious Reinders®’ were determined in CaCl2 treatment in both years. TSS, TS and TS/TA were increased by prolonging storage in ‘Red Chief’ in CaCl2 treatment and control, in both years. TSS and TS proved similarly stable in ‘Granny Smith’ during storage in CaCl2 treatment and control in the second year of examination, but a decrease of TA and TS/TA has been detected in both years of storage. The AA of cultivars ‘Golden Delicious Reinders®’ and ‘Red Chief’ was stronger affected by the storage compared to CaCl2 treatment. Through a comprehensive analysis of apple cultivars it can be concluded that pre-harvest application of CaCl2 in cultivars ‘Golden Delicious Reinders®’ and ‘Red Chief’ can be used to improve fruit quality during storage.

Keywords: Malus domestica; calcium-chloride; physicochemical traits of fruit; fruit storage

Accepted: June 20, 2023; Prepublished online: December 11, 2023; Published: December 21, 2023  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Rilak B, Glišić I, Lukić M, Milošević T, Tomić J, Milinković M. Influence of pre-harvest calcium spray on fruit quality of apple cultivars during cold storage. Hort. Sci. (Prague). 2023;50(4):262-274. doi: 10.17221/127/2022-HORTSCI.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Ahmad M., Gani A. (2021): Development of novel functional snacks containing nano-encapsulated resveratrol with anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and antioxidant properties. Food Chemistry, 352: 129323. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Ali M.A., Raza H., Khan M.A., Hussain M. (2004): Effect of different periods of ambient storage onchemical composition of apple fruit. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology 3: 568-571.
    3. Blažek J., Hlušičková I. (2007): Orchard performance and fruit quality of 50 apple cultivars grown or tested in commercial orchards of the Czech Republic. Horticultural Science, 34: 96-106. Go to original source...
    4. Blažek J., Hlušičková I., Varga A. (2003): Changes in quality characteristics of Golden Delicious apples under different storage conditions and correlations between them. Horticultural Science, 30: 81-89. Go to original source...
    5. Casero T., Benavides A.L., Recasens I. (2009): Interrelation between fruit mineral content and preharvest calcium treatments on 'Golden Smoothee' apple quality. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33: 27-37. Go to original source...
    6. Cheng Z., Zhou W., Gong X., Wei X., Li J., Peng Z. (2018): Physicochemical changes of Custard apple at different storage temperatures. Materials Science and Engineering, 392: 052013. Go to original source...
    7. Díaz A., Pérez M., Redondo D. Val J. (2019): Low oxygen treatment prior to cold storage to maintain the quality of apples at industrial scale. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS), 1256: 609-614. Go to original source...
    8. Egan W.F. (1981). Frequency synthesis by phase lock. New York, Wiley-Interscience.
    9. Fallahi E., Fallahi B., Nielsen G.H., Nielsen D., Peryea F.J. (2010): Effects of mineral nutrition on fruit quality and nutritional disorders in apples. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS), 868: 49-60. Go to original source...
    10. FAOSTAT (2022): Databases available at http://faostat3,fao,org
    11. Farag K.M., Nagy N.M.N. (2012): Effect of pre- and post-harvest calcium and magnesium compounds and their combination treatments on "Anna" apple fruit quality and shelf life. Journal of Horticultural Science & Ornamental Plants 4: 155-168.
    12. Farooq R.A., Khan I. (2012): Physico-chemical quality of apple cv. Gala fruit stored at low temprature. Journal of Biology, 2: 103-107.
    13. Fattahi J., Fifall R., Babri M. (2010): Postharvest quality of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward) аffected by pre-storage application of salicylic acid. South-Western Journal of Horticulture, Biology and Environment, 1: 175-186.
    14. Fotirić-Akšić M., Dabić-Zagorac D., Gašić U., Tosti T., Natić M., Meland M. (2022): Analysis of apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) quality attributes obtained from organic and integrated production systems. Sustainability, 14: 5300. Go to original source...
    15. Ghorbani E., Bakhshi D., Fallahi E., Rabiei B. (2017): Evaluation of pre-harvest foliar calcium applications on 'Fuji' apple fruit quality during coldstorage. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 11: 228-233. Go to original source...
    16. Ghorbani E., Fallahi E., Bakhshi D., Rabiei B. (2021): Influence of different calcium compounds and fruit development stages on yield, fruit quality and shelf Life of 'Granny Smith' apples. Agricultural Research and Technology, 25: 141-156. Go to original source...
    17. Gilliham M., Dayod M., Hocking B.J., Xu B., Conn S.J., Kaiser B.N., Tyerman S.D. (2011): Calcium delivery and storage in plant leaves: Exploring the link with water flow. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62: 2233-2250. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Hahn L., Suzin D.L., Argenta L.C., Tiecher T.L., Thewes F. R., Moura-Bueno G., Brunetto, G. (2022): Calcium applications on 'Fuji Suprema' and 'Maxi Gala' apple trees: fruit quality at harvest and after cold storage. Bragantia, 81: e0522. Go to original source...
    19. Jemrić T., Pavičić N., Blašković D., Krapac M., Pavičić D. (2005): The effect of hand and chemical fruit thinning on 'Golden Delicious cl. B' apple fruit quality. Agricultural Conspecific Science, 193: 193‒198.
    20. Kader A.A. (2002): Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, 3rd edition. Oakland, Extension Publication, University of California. Richmond, CA, USA: 3311.
    21. Kadir S.A. (2005): Influence of preharvest Ca application on storage quality of 'Jonathan' apples in Kansas. Transactions of the Academy of Science, 108: 129-138. Go to original source...
    22. Kalcsits L. (2017): Calcium absorption during fruit development in 'Honeycrisp' apple measured using 44Ca as a stable isotope tracer. Horticultural Science, 52: 1804-1809. Go to original source...
    23. Konopacka D., Płocharski J. (2002): Effect of pick ing maturity, storage technologyand shelf-life on changes of apple firmness of 'Elstar', 'Jona gold' and 'Gloster'cultivars. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research 10: 15-26.
    24. Korićanac A., Miletić N., Popović B., Mitrović O., Lukić M., Pešaković M., Tomić J. (2019): The Effect of ULO and NA Storage on Changes in the Quality of Apple Fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) during shelf life. Agronomy, 10: 25. Go to original source...
    25. Kwon J.G., Yoo J., Win N.M., Maung T.T., Naing A.H., Kang I.K. (2021): Fruit quality attributes of 'Arisoo' and 'Picnic' apples as influenced by 1-Methylcyclopropene concentration and its application frequency during cold storage. Horticulturae, 7: 477. Go to original source...
    26. Lanauskas J., Kvikliene N. (2006): Effect of calcium foliarapplication on some fruit quality characteristics of 'Sinap Orlovskij' apple. Agronomy Research, 4: 31-36.
    27. Lester G.E., Grusak M.A. (1999): Postharvest application of calcium and magnesium to honeydew and netted muskmelons: Effects on tissue ion concentrations, quality and senescence. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 124: 545-552. Go to original source...
    28. Liu D., Lian B., Dong H. (2012): Isolation of Paenibacillus sp. and assessment of its potential for enhancing mineral weathering. Geomicrobiology Journal, 29: 413-421. Go to original source...
    29. Lötze E., Joubert J., Therson K. (2008): Evaluating pre-harvestfoliar calcium applications to increase fruit calcium andreduce bitter pit in 'Golden Delicious' apples. Scientia Horticulturae, 116: 299-304. Go to original source...
    30. Lukač-Bulatović M., Nikolić-Đorić E., Đurić K. (2019). Analysing and forecasting trends in the apple production in Serbia. Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture, 23: 27-31. Go to original source...
    31. Magwaza L.S., Opara U.L. (2015): Analytical methods for determination of sugars and sweetness of horticultural products. A review. Scientia Horticulturae, 184: 179-192. Go to original source...
    32. Matthes A., Schmitz-Eiberger M. (2008): Polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of apple fruit: effect of cultivar and storage conditions. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality 82: 152-157.
    33. Mikulič-Petkovšek M., Štampar F., Veberič R. (2009): Changes in the inner quality parameters of apple fruit from technological to edible maturity. Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 93: 17-29. Go to original source...
    34. Mitić S.S., Stojanović B.T., Stojković M.B., Mitić M.N., Pavlović J.Lj. (2013): Total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of different apple cultivars. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 45: 326-331.
    35. Neilsen G., Neilsen D., Dong S., Toivonen P., Peryea F. (2005): Application of CaCl2 sprays earlier in the season mayreduce bitter pit incidence in 'Braeburn' apple. Horticultural Science, 40: 1850-1853. Go to original source...
    36. Ozdemir A.E., Dunder O., Oykaza O. (2005): Effects of some rootstock on cold storage of 'Red Chief' apples. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS), 682_92: 709-714. Go to original source...
    37. Pašalić B. (2006): Berba, pakovanje i skladištenje plodova voćaka. Poljoprivredni fakultet, Banja Luka, Naučno voćarsko društvo Republike Srpske.
    38. Pulido R., Hernandez-Garcia M., Saura-Calixto F. (2003): Contribution of beverages to the intake of lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants in the Spanish diet. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 57: 1275-1282. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    39. Radivojević D., Milivojević J., Veličković M., Oparnica Č. (2019): The establishment of intensive apple orchards in Serbia. Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series, XLIX: 119-126.
    40. Ranjbar S., Rahemi M., Ramezanian A. (2018): Comparison of nano-calcium and calcium chloride spray on postharvest quality and cell wall enzymes activity in apple cv. 'Red Delicious'. Scientia Horticulturae, 240: 57-64. Go to original source...
    41. Saletnik B., Zaguła G., Saletnik A., Bajcar M., Słysz E., Puchalski C. (2022): Method for prolonging the shelf life of apples after storage. Applied sciences, 12: 3975. Go to original source...
    42. Schlegel T.K., Schönherr J. (2002): Stage of developmentaffects penetration of calcium chloride into apple fruits. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 165: 738-745. Go to original source...
    43. Shewa A.G., Gobena D.A., Ali M.K. (2022): Review on postharvest quality and handling of apple. Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Technology, 8: 028-028. Go to original source...
    44. Shirzadeh E., Rabiei V., Sharafi Y. (2011): Effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on postharvest quality of apple fruits. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 22: 5139-5143.
    45. Singleton V.L., Orthofer R., Lamuela-Raventos R.M. (1999): Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Methods Enzymology, 299: 152‒178. Go to original source...
    46. Skic A., Szymańska-Chargot M., Kruk B., Chylińska M., Pieczywek P.M., Kurenda A., Zdunek A., Rutkowski K.P. (2016): Determination of the optimum harvest windowfor apples using the non-destructive biospeckle method. Sensors (Switzerland), 16: 1-15. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    47. Soliva-Fortuny R.C., Oms-Oliu G., Martín-Belloso O. (2002): Effects of ripeness stages on the storage atmosphere, color, and textural properties of minimally processed apple slices. Journal of Food Science, 67: 1958-1963. Go to original source...
    48. Štampar F., Lešnik M., Veberič R., Solar A., Koron D., Usenik V., Hudina M., Osterc G. (2009): Sadjarstvo, 2. izd. Založba Kmečki glas, Ljubljana.
    49. Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Serbia. (2018): Belgrade.
    50. Statgraphics Centurion 18 software (2018): Manugistics Inc.; Rockville, Maryland.
    51. Tijero V., Girardi F., Botton A. (2021): Fruit development and primary metabolism in apple. Agronomy, 11: 1160. Go to original source...
    52. van der Sluis A.A., Dekker M., de Jager A., Jongen W.M. (2001): Activity and concentration of polyphenolic antioxidants in apple: effect of cultivar, harvest year, and storage conditions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49: 3606-3613. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    53. Waghmode B., Masoodi L., Kushwaha K., Mir J.I., Sircar D. (2021): Volatile components are non-invasive biomarkers to track shelf-life and nutritional changes in apple cv. 'Golden Delicious' during low-temperature postharvest storage. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 102: 104075. Go to original source...
    54. White P.J., Broadley M.R. (2003): Calcium in plants. Annals of Botany, 92: 487-511. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    55. Wojcik P., Gubbuk H., Akgul H., Gunes E., Ucgun K., Kucukyumuk C. (2010): Effect of autumn calcium spray at a high rate on 'Granny Smith' apple quality and storability. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33: 46-56. Go to original source...
    56. Zhang B., Zhang M., Shena M., Li H., Zhang Z., Zhang H., Zhoue Z., Rend X., Ding Y., Xing L., Zhao J. (2021): Quality monitoring method for apples of different maturity under long-term cold storage. Infrared Physics and Technology, 112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2020.103580. Go to original source...
    57. Zhang Y., Huang J., Zhang Q., Liu J., Meng Y., Yu Y. (2022): Nondestructive determination of SSC in an apple by using a portable near-infrared spectroscopy system. Applied Optics, 61: 3419-3428. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content