Horticultural Science, 2004 (vol. 31), issue 1
Tolerance of plum (Prunus domestica L.) fruits stored in low-oxygen atmosphere
J. Goliáš, A. Němcová, L. Šuderlová
Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2004, 31(1):1-6 | DOI: 10.17221/3783-HORTSCI 
Plum fruits of the cultivars Stanley and Valjevka picked at the beginning of climacteric were stored in different storage atmospheres for 31 days at 3°C. The relations between the O2 and CO2 content during this period and after removal from the gas mixture to ethanol, acetaldehyde, non-volatile compounds and some textural values of fruits were investigated. Concentrations of ethanol in the flesh were related to levels of oxygen and CO2 in ambient atmosphere. In anaerobic conditions (< 0.2% O2) ethanol reached 1,109 mg/l for the cultivar Valjevka and 628 mg/l for Stanley. The results of single fruit analysis...
Testing of Czech cultivars and advanced selections of apples for fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) resistance
C. Fischer, K. Richter, J. Blažek
Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2004, 31(1):7-11 | DOI: 10.17221/3784-HORTSCI
Five apple cultivars from the Czech Republic and 26 selections from the same country (a majority of them were resistant to scab) were included in the present study. M. robusta strain (Nr. 5) was used as a control with the highest level of resistance to fire blight. Another 7 cultivars with different levels of resistance or susceptibility to the disease were also evaluated. Selena and Nabella were found to be resistant, whereas Angold, Resista and Topaz were susceptible. Two HL selections were previously identified as highly resistant, 3 selections as medium resistant and 7 others as moderately susceptible. The rest of the 14 selections ranged...
Effects of calcium and/or phosphorus sprays with different commercial preparations on quality and storability of Šampion apples
K. Tomala, A. Soska
Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2004, 31(1):12-16 | DOI: 10.17221/3785-HORTSCI
Investigations on the effect of spraying trees with various calcium, phosphorus and calcium-phosphorus preparations were carried out in 1999-2001. Effects of sprays depended on the type of preparation. Foliar calcium fertilization increased Ca concentration in apples; however, the effectiveness of the used fertilizer also depended on the season. A high calcium content in apples was measured when treated with the new Polish preparation Kalcisal. This effect was observed in all years of investigations. A better calcium supply affected the appearance of apples (usually more green background peel colouring, reflected in the chlorophyll content). In storage...
Integrative methods of product quality assessment in connection with the P-value-determination (3 examples: food preference test, sensory evaluation and self-decomposition test)
A. Velimirov
Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2004, 31(1):17-21 | DOI: 10.17221/3786-HORTSCI
On the basis of three examples the results of P-value determinations are presented in connection with the results of integrative test methods: food preference test with laboratory rats, sensory evaluations with consumers and self-decomposition tests. In all three cases a corresponding evidence regarding the relevant data as well as the differentiating factors fertiliser and/or cultivation systems could be demonstrated. In food preference tests with laboratory rats organically grown carrots (Tarvil cultivar) and beet roots (Formanova cultivar) were significantly preferred to the respective conventionally produced variants. The determination...
Genome induced mutation in Callistephus chinensis Ness. - evaluation of plant fertility and seed characteristics
P. Hanzelka, F. Kobza
Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2004, 31(1):22-26 | DOI: 10.17221/3787-HORTSCI
Thousand seed weight (TSW, g), achene size (mm) and fertility were evaluated in polyploid plants of C0 (1999) and C1 (2000) generations. The fertility of polyploid plants was usually very low (more than 10× compared to diploid plants). Only one plant (genotype A (tm) 1) was found as a tetraploid individual with anomalously high fertility, high TSW and large size of achenes. TSW in polyploid plants was 2.6-4.13 g, in diploid plants 2.0-2.3 g. The achene size was mostly about 3.7 mm (diploid plants) and 4.0-4.8 mm (polyploid plants). Achene (seed) size and thousand seed weight (TSW) can be classified among indirect identification...
Winter frost resistance of Hayward and Matua kiwifruit cultivars
M. Burak, H. Samanci, M. Büyükyilmaz
Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2004, 31(1):27-30 | DOI: 10.17221/3788-HORTSCI
This study was carried out in Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute at Yalova in 1996 and 1997 in order to determine the frost resistance ability of fruit buds of Hayward and Matua cultivars by artificial freezing tests during winter months. Twig samples for artificial freezing tests were taken one week after defoliation, and at three-week intervals throughout the winter. The buds were exposed to temperatures of -10°C, -13°C and -15°C for 2, 4 and 6 hours. Then they were planted in a greenhouse for survival tests. It was found that -13°C and -15°C were very harmful temperatures for both cultivars even for the duration of 2 hours at -150C....
Essential oil of peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) from fields in Eastern Slovakia
A. Sústriková, I. Šalamon
Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2004, 31(1):31-36 | DOI: 10.17221/3789-HORTSCI
The peppermint, Mentha × piperita L., is a plant that represents the oldest and traditional medicinal herbs used in both Eastern and Western traditions until recent time. The peppermint has a history of use in herbal medicine dating back to the ancient Egyptian, Greek and Roman times (Murray 1995) although it need not have been used for the same reasons. The large therapeutic effects of peppermint dry drug as well as essential oil in human medicine caused the peppermint to be appreciated by the pharmaceutical industry. The world peppermint production is realized by large-scale cultivation using suitable intensive practices. Studies of the...