Hort. Sci. (Prague), X:X | DOI: 10.17221/213/2024-HORTSCI

Plums: Their potential in cultivation, breeding, and useReview

Lukáš Maryška ORCID...1, Lubor Zelený ORCID...1
1 Department of Genetics and Breeding, Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic


Plums are one of the most important and most overlooked fruits. Their nutritional value, composition, antioxidant potential, and vitamin content place them at the forefront of the food industry. Their potential is so great that plums are one of the fruits being considered for space travel. Prunes are not just a hot topic for astronauts. The possibility of growing plums in a cultivation box at reduced or zero gravity has also been studied. The sharka virus (Plum pox virus) is responsible for the major economic losses worldwide. Efforts are being made to develop the most effective way to control the spread of the virus between trees, as there is still no reliable treatment against this disease. The main vectors of transmission in the orchards are aphids and grafting of infected material. Consistent control and testing of the health of propagating material can reduce the percentage of infection by plant material. Therefore, major efforts have been made to develop effective aphid control strategies to in both conventional and organic production systems. Hand in hand with the development of chemical treatments goes the breeding of new plum varieties that combine natural resistance or tolerance to sharka and the required high value of the fruit for the consumer. The trees themselves have not been able to develop a natural immunity to the disease, but a variety with the sharka coat protein encoded has been developed through genetic modification. This variety has shown a high level of resistance. At present, the use, development, and cultivation of GMO plants is under very strict control, and large-scale production is not possible, but in the future, these mutants are likely to be very interesting breeding material.

Keywords: genetic resources; Prunus domestica L.; Plum pox virus; SSR markers

Received: November 11, 2024; Revised: November 14, 2025; Accepted: December 10, 2025; Prepublished online: July 21, 2026 

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