Hort. Sci. (Prague), 2006, 33(1):23-28 | DOI: 10.17221/3736-HORTSCI

Effects of different bud loading levels on the yield, leaf and fruit characteristics of Hayward kiwifruit

R. Cangi1, D. A. Atalay2
1 Faculty of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
2 Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey

The effects of different levels of bud loading on the yield and some leaf and fruit characteristics in Hayward cultivar (A. deliciosa) in the province of Ordu, Turkey were examined during two growing seasons in 2000-2001. Six years old kiwifruit vines were pruned to carry the loads of 120, 180, 240 or 300 buds/vine on the canes with 12 buds. The study determined probable total leaf area (PTLA), probable total leaf number (PTLN), probable total leaf weight (PTLW) and yield per vine. Mean fruit weight (MFW) and soluble solid contents (SSC, %) of fruits were expressed. In addition, unit leaf area/100 g fruit weight (ULA/FW) was calculated. Leaf characteristics were examined in 3 periods of the growing season. Correlations between yield, leaf and fruit characteristics and treatments were determined. The result of the experiment, namely mean leaf area (MLA), mean leaf weight (MLW), PTLA, PTLN, PTLW ranged between 185.51-194.17 cm2, 7.98-8.67 g, 21.047-58.61 m2/vine, 1,129.6-3,035.3 number/vine, 9.04-25.68 kg/vine, respectively. The mean yields of vines loaded with 120 and 300 buds were 34.84 and 100.96 kg/vine (12.19 and 35.34 ton/ha), respectively. Mean leaf area and mean leaf weight increased with increasing levels of bud loading, whereas MFW and ULA/FW decreased. There was a negative relationship between MFW, SSC and yield, and a positive relationship between MLA, PTLA and yield. ULA/FW ratio was between 581.88-611.54 cm2 according to the bud loading level. Fruit size diminished as a consequence of dense canopies in both levels of bud loading (120 and 300 buds/vine). Unit leaf area per fruit weight ranged between 581.88-611.54 cm2/100 g, with respect to the bud loading applications. Increasing levels of bud loading resulted in reduced ULA/FW ratio and affected yield and some leaf and fruit characteristics.

Keywords: kiwifruit; Actinidia deliciosa; Hayward; pruning; fruits; leaf area; characteristics; bud loading

Published: March 31, 2006  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Cangi R, Atalay DA. Effects of different bud loading levels on the yield, leaf and fruit characteristics of Hayward kiwifruit. Hort. Sci. (Prague). 2006;33(1):23-28. doi: 10.17221/3736-HORTSCI.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. ANTOGNOZZI E.A., TOMBESI A., PALLIOTTI I.J., WARRINGTON D.H., GREER A.M., SNOWBALL D.J., WOOLLEY D.J., 1992. Relationship between leaf area, leaf area index and fruiting in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). In: Second International Symposium on Kiwifruit, Volume II, Palmerston North, New Zealand, 18-20 February, 1991. Acta Horticulturae, 297: 435-442. Go to original source...
    2. BUWALDA J.G., MEEKINGS J.S., SMITH G.S., 1991. Seasonal changes in photosynthetic capacity of leaves of kiwifruit vines. Physiologia Plantarum, 83: 93-98. Go to original source...
    3. BUWALDA J., CURTIS J., SMITH G., 1993. Use of interactive computer graphics for simulation of radiation interception and photosynthesis for canopies of kiwifruit vines with heterogeneous surface shape and leaf area distribution. Annals of Botany, 72: 17-26. Go to original source...
    4. CANGI R., KARADENIZ T., 1999. Ordu'da değişik rakimlarda yetiştirilen Hayward (Actinidia deliciosa) kivi çeşidinde verim ve meyve özellikleri üzerine araştirmalar. In: Karadeniz Bölgesi Tarim Sempozyumu, Samsun, Türkiye, 2: 425-432.
    5. COOPER K.M., MARSHALL R.R., 1992. Croploading and canopy management. Acta Horticulturae, 297: 501-508. Go to original source...
    6. COSTA G., SUCCI F., BIASI R., MISEROCCHI O., 1987. Vegetative and cropping performance of kiwifruit (cv. Hayward) as related to pruning length and bud number. In: Proceedings First International Symposium on Kiwi, 14-16 October 1987, Padova. Acta Horticulturae, 282: 113-118. Go to original source...
    7. DAVISON R.M., 1990. The physiology of the kiwifruit vine. Kiwifruit science and management. In: WARRINGTON I.I., WESTON G.C. (eds.), Kiwifruit Science and Management. New Zealand, Auckland, Ray Richards Publisher: 127-154.
    8. FAMIANI F., ANTOGNOZZI E., BOCO M., TOMBESI A., ATTISTELLI A., MOSCATELLO S., SPACCINO L., SFAKIOTAKIS E., PORLINGIS J., 1997. Effects of altered source-sink relationships on fruit development and quality in Actinidia deliciosa. Acta Horticulturae, 444: 355-360. Go to original source...
    9. FERGUSON A.R., 1984. Kiwifruit: A botanical review. Horticultural Review, 6: 1-63. Go to original source...
    10. FISHLER M., GOLDSCHIMIT E.E., MONSELISE S.P., 1983. Leaf area and fruit size on girdled grapefruit branches. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 108: 218-221. Go to original source...
    11. GIORGIO V., STANDARDI A., TESTOLIN R., 1987. Flowering and fruiting in pergola trained kiwifruit. In: Proceedings First International Symposium on Kiwi, 14.-16. October 1987, Padova. Acta Horticulturae, 282: 133-142. Go to original source...
    12. GREER D.H., SELEZNYOVA A.N., GREEN S.N., 2004. From controlled environments to field simulations: leaf area dynamics and photosynthesis of kiwifruit vines (Actinidia deliciosa). Functional Plant Biology, 31: 169-179. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. INGLESE P., GULLO G., 1992. Influence of pruning length and bud load pn plant fertility, yield and fruit characteristics of "Hayward" kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae, 297: 451-458. Go to original source...
    14. LAI R., WOOLLEY D.J., LAWES G.S., 1990. The effect of inter-fruit competition, type of fruiting lateral and time of anthesis on th fruit growth of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). Journal of Horticultural Science, 65: 87-96. Go to original source...
    15. RICHARDSON A., DAWSON T., BLANK R., 1994. Kiwifruit crop loading: achieving the preferred market profile. Orchardist of New Zealand, 67: 42-45.
    16. RYUGO K., 1994. Vine Structure and Physiology. Kiwifruit Growing and Handling. In: HASEY K.J., JOHNSON R.S., GRANT J.A., Kiwifruit Growing and Handling. Oakland, University of California, DANR Publishing, Publication No. 3344.
    17. SALE P.R., LYFORD P.B., 1990. Cultural management end harvesting practices for kiwifruit in New Zealand. In: WARRINGTON I.I., WESTON G.C. (eds.), Kiwifruit Science and Management. New Zealand, Auckland, Ray Richards Publisher: 247-269.
    18. SAMANCI H., 1990. Kiwi (Actinidia). Yetiştiriciliği, TAV, Yayin, 22: 112.
    19. SAMANCI H., USLU I., 1996. Kivi yetiştiriciliğinde yükleme şekli ve meyve yükünün verim, kalite ve asma gelişimine etkileri. Yalova Türkiye, Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute: 39.
    20. SAMANCI H., SFAKIOTAKIS E., PORLINGIS J., 1995. Effect of cropping load, cane length and thinning on yield and fruit weight of kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae, 444: 219-222. Go to original source...
    21. SELEZNYOVA A., DENNIS G., 2001. Effects of temperature and leaf position on leaf area expansion of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) shoots: Development of a modeling framework. Annals of Botany, 88: 605-615. Go to original source...
    22. SNELGAR W.P., THORP T.G., 1988. Leaf area, final fruit weight and productivity in kiwifruit. Scientia Horticulturae, 36: 241-249. Go to original source...
    23. SNELGAR W.P., MARTIN P.J., 1997. Relationship between leaf area index and fruit size in kiwifruit. In: Third International Symposium on Kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae, 444: 199-204. Go to original source...
    24. SNELGAR W.P., THORP T.G., PETERSON K.J., 1986. Optimal leaf: fruit ratios for fruit growth in kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae, 175: 115-120. Go to original source...
    25. SNELGAR W.P., MARTIN P.J., SFAKIOTAKIS E.J., PORLINGS J., 1997. Relationship between leaf area index and fruit size in kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae, 444: 199-204. Go to original source...
    26. SNELGAR W.P., HOPKIRK G., SEELYE J., MARTIN M.J., MANSON P.J., 1998. Relationship between canopy density and fruit quality of kiwifruit. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 26: 223-232. Go to original source...
    27. SNOWBALL A.M., 1997. Seasonal cycle of shoot development in selected Actinidia species. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 25: 221-231. Go to original source...
    28. STANDARDI A., ROMANI F., 1990. The vegetative productive behavior of kiwifruits. Observations on the effects of pruning. Informatore Agrario, 46: 97-99.
    29. SUCCI F., MAGNANINI E., QUADRETTI R., MISEROCCHI O., COSTA O., SFAKIOTAKIS E., PORLINGIS J., 1997. A geometric approach to kiwifruit canopy modeling. Acta Horticulturae, 444: 181-186. Go to original source...
    30. XILOYANNIS C., MASSAI R., PICCOTINO D., RAFFAELLI M., BOVO M., SFAKIOTAKIS E., PORLINGS J., 1997. Effects of cropload on annual growth and dry matter partitioning in young kiwi vines. In: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Kiwifruit, Thessalonaki, Greece, 19-22 September 1995. Acta Horticulturae, 444: 213-218. Go to original source...
    31. WINKLER J., 1930. The relationship of number of leaves to size and quality of table grapes. Proceedings. American Society for Horticultural Science, 27: 158-160.

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content